This article examines the historical development of Hinduism in India through an orality-oriented perspective and explores its implications for contextual Christian ministry among Hindus. The study highlights that Hinduism evolved not merely as a system of written doctrines but as a living religious tradition deeply shaped by oral transmission, ritual performance, storytelling, devotional songs, communal participation, and cultural adaptation. Beginning with the proto-religious practices of the Indus Valley Civilization and continuing through the Vedic, Puranic, Bhakti, and modern reform movements, the article demonstrates how oral traditions preserved religious memory, spiritual authority, and cultural identity across generations. Particular attention is given to the sacred role of sound, recitation, myths, epics, bhajans, kirtans, and folk narratives in shaping Hindu religious consciousness and making spirituality accessible to diverse communities. The article further argues that the oral and performative dimensions of Indian culture carry significant implications for Christian ministry in India. Biblical storytelling, songs, testimonies, dramas, and relational engagement are therefore presented as culturally meaningful methods for communicating the gospel within India’s oral religious environment. The article concludes that dialogical ministry, rooted in cultural sensitivity and historical understanding, can contribute to a more authentic and contextually grounded Christian engagement with Hindu communities while remaining faithful to the message of Christ.
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Dr. Greeto Racharia is the academic dean and a faculty member at Hindustan Bible Institute and College, Chennai. He holds a PhD in Pastoral Counseling with ten years of teaching experience. As an ordained pastor of the Christ Lutheran Church in India, he is committed to transforming communities through Scripture-centered pastoral care.
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